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MANUAL AND AUTOMATION TESTING: How to write effective Test cases, procedures and definitions

MANUAL AND AUTOMATION TESTING: How to write effective Test cases, procedures and definitions

http://www.guru99.com/test-case.html

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How to write effective Test cases, procedures and definitions

Posted In | Software Testing Templates, Testing Tips and resources

Writing effective test cases is a skill and that can be achieved by some experience and in-depth study of the application on which test cases are being written.
Here I will share some tips on how to write test cases, test case procedures and some basic test case definitions.
What is a test case?
“A test case has components that describes an input, action or event and an expected response, to determine if a feature of an application is working correctly.” Definition by Glossary
There are levels in which each test case will fall in order to avoid duplication efforts.
Level 1: In this level you will write the basic test cases from the available specification and user documentation.
Level 2: This is the practical stage in which writing test cases depend on actual functional and system flow of the application.
Level 3: This is the stage in which you will group some test cases and write a test procedure. Test procedure is nothing but a group of small test cases maximum of 10.
Level 4: Automation of the project. This will minimize human interaction with system and thus QA can focus on current updated functionalities to test rather than remaining busy with regression testing.
So you can observe a systematic growth from no testable item to a Automation suit.
Why we write test cases?
The basic objective of writing test cases is to validate the testing coverage of the application. If you are working in any CMMi company then you will strictly follow test cases standards. So writing test cases brings some sort of standardization and minimizes the ad-hoc approach in testing.
How to write test cases?
Here is a simple test case format
Fields in test cases:
Test case id:
Unit to test: What to be verified?
Assumptions:
Test data: Variables and their values
Steps to be executed:
Expected result:
Actual result:
Pass/Fail:
Comments:
So here is a basic format of test case statement:
Verify
Using [tool name, tag name, dialog, etc]
With [conditions]
To [what is returned, shown, demonstrated]
Verify: Used as the first word of the test case statement.
Using: To identify what is being tested. You can use ‘entering’ or ‘selecting’ here instead of using depending on the situation.
For any application basically you will cover all the types of test cases including functional, negative and boundary value test cases.
Keep in mind while writing test cases that all your test cases should be simple and easy to understand. Don’t write explanations like essays. Be to the point.
Try writing the simple test cases as mentioned in above test case format. Generally I use Excel sheets to write the basic test cases. Use any tool like ‘Test Director’ when you are going to automate those test cases.
Feel free to comment below any query regarding test case writing or execution.

QTP Add-Ins Information

QTP Add-Ins Information

I) ActiveX Environment

Object	Description
ActiveX	An ActiveX control.
AcxButton	An ActiveX button.
AcxCalendar	An ActiveX calendar object.
AcxCheckBox	An ActiveX check box.
AcxComboBox	An ActiveX combo box object.
AcxEdit	An ActiveX edit box.
AcxRadioButton	An ActiveX radio button.
AcxTable	An ActiveX table.
AcxUtil	An object that enables you to work with objects returned by performing an operation (usually via the Object property) on an ActiveX test object.

II) Delphi Environment

Object	Description
DelphiButton	A Delphi button.
DelphiCheckBox	A Delphi check box.
DelphiComboBox	A Delphi combo box.
DelphiEdit	A Delphi edit box.
DelphiEditor	A Delphi multi-line editor.
DelphiList	A Delphi list.
DelphiListView	A Delphi list-view control.
DelphiNavigator	A Delphi navigator control.
DelphiObject	A Delphi object.
DelphiRadioButton	A Delphi radio button.
DelphiScrollBar	A Delphi scroll bar.
DelphiSpin	A Delphi spin box.
DelphiStatic	A Delphi static control.
DelphiStatusBar	A Delphi status bar.
DelphiTable	A Delphi table.
DelphiTabStrip	A Delphi tab strip.
DelphiTreeView	A Delphi tree-view control.
DelphiWindow	A Delphi window or dialog box.

III) Java Environment

Object	Description
JavaApplet	A Java applet.
JavaButton	A Java button.
JavaCalendar	A Java calendar.
JavaCheckBox	A Java check box.
JavaDialog	A Java dialog box.
JavaEdit	A Java edit box.
JavaExpandBar	A Java control that contains labeled bar items, which can be expanded or collapsed by the user.
JavaInternalFrame	An internal frame that can be activated from the Java applet.
JavaLink	A Java control that displays text with links.
JavaList	A Java list box with single or multiple selection.
JavaMenu	A Java menu item.
JavaObject	A generic Java object.
JavaRadioButton	A Java radio button.
JavaSlider	A Java slider.
JavaSpin	A Java spin object.
JavaStaticText	A Java static text object.
JavaTab	A Java tabstrip control containing tabbed panels.
JavaTable	A Java table.
JavaToolbar	A Java toolbar.
JavaTree	A Java tree.
JavaWindow	A Java window.

IV) .NET Web Forms Environment

Object	Description
WbfCalendar	A .NET Web Forms calendar control.
WbfGrid	A .NET Web Forms DataGrid object.
WbfTabStrip	A .NET Web Forms tabstrip control.
WbfToolbar	A .NET Web Forms toolbar control.
WbfTreeView	A .NET Web Forms tree view object.
WbfUltraGrid	A .NET Web Forms UltraGrid object.

V) .NET Windows Forms Environment

Object	Description
SwfButton	A .NET Windows Forms button object.
SwfCalendar	A DateTimePicker or a Month Calendar .NET Windows Forms calendar object.
SwfCheckBox	A .NET Windows Forms check box.
SwfComboBox	A .NET Windows Forms combo box.
SwfEdit	A .NET Windows Forms edit box.
SwfEditor	A .NET Windows Forms multi-line edit box.
SwfLabel	A .NET Windows Forms static text object.
SwfList	A .NET Windows Forms list.
SwfListView	A .NET Windows Forms ListView control.
SwfObject	A standard .NET Windows Forms object.
SwfPropertyGrid	A property grid control based on the .NET Windows Forms library.
SwfRadioButton	A .NET Windows Forms radio button.
SwfScrollBar	A .NET Windows Forms scroll bar.
SwfSpin	A .NET Windows Forms spin object.
SwfStatusBar	A .NET Windows Forms status bar control.
SwfTab	A .NET Windows Forms tab control.
SwfTable	A grid control based on the .NET Windows Forms library.
SwfToolBar	A .NET Windows Forms toolbar.
SwfTreeView	A .NET Windows Forms TreeView control.
SwfWindow	A .NET Windows Forms window.

VI) Windows Presentation Foundation Environment

Object	Description
WpfButton	A button control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfCheckBox	A check box control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfComboBox	A combo box control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfEdit	A document, rich text box, or text control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfGrid	A grid control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfImage	An image control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfLink	A hyperlink control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfList	A list control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfMenu	A menu control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfObject	An object control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfProgressBar	A progress bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfRadioButton	A radio button control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfScrollBar	A scroll bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfSlider	A slider control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfStatusBar	A status bar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfTabStrip	A tab control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfToolbar	A toolbar control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfTreeView	A tree control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.
WpfWindow	A window control in a Windows Presentation Foundation application.

 

VII) Oracle Environment

Object	Description
OracleApplications	An Oracle Applications session window.
OracleButton	An Oracle button.
OracleCalendar	An Oracle calendar.
OracleCheckbox	A check box Oracle field.
OracleFlexWindow	An Oracle flexfield window.
OracleFormWindow	An Oracle Form window.
OracleList	An Oracle poplist (combo box) or list.
OracleListOfValues	An Oracle window containing a list of values for selection.
OracleLogon	An Oracle Applications sign-on window.
OracleNavigator	An Oracle Navigator window.
OracleNotification	An Oracle error or message window.
OracleRadioGroup	An Oracle option (radio button) group.
OracleStatusLine	The status line and message line at the bottom of an Oracle Applications window.
OracleTabbedRegion	An Oracle tabbed region.
OracleTable	An Oracle block of records.
OracleTextField	An Oracle text field.
OracleTree	An Oracle tree.

VIII) PeopleSoft Environment

Object	Description
PSFrame	A frame object within a PeopleSoft application.

IX) PowerBuilder Environment

Object	Description
PbButton	A PowerBuilder button.
PbCheckBox	A PowerBuilder check box.
PbComboBox	A PowerBuilder combo box.
PbDataWindow	A PowerBuilder DataWindow control.
PbEdit	A PowerBuilder edit box.
PbList	A PowerBuilder list.
PbListView	A PowerBuilder listview control.
PbObject	A standard PowerBuilder object.
PbRadioButton	A PowerBuilder radio button.
PbScrollBar	A PowerBuilder scroll bar.
PbTabStrip	A PowerBuilder tab strip control
PbTreeView	A PowerBuilder tree-view control.
PbWindow	A PowerBuilder window.

X) SAP Web Environment

Object	Description
SAPButton	An SAP Gui for HTML application button, including icons, toolbar buttons, regular buttons, buttons with text, and buttons with text and image.
SAPCalendar	A calendar in a Web-based SAP application.
SAPCheckBox	An SAP Gui for HTML application toggle button, including check boxes and toggle images.
SAPDropDownMenu	A menu that is opened by clicking a menu icon within an SAP Gui for HTML application.
SAPEdit	An SAP Gui for HTML application edit box, including single-line edit boxes and multi-line edit boxes (text area).
SAPFrame	An SAP Gui for HTML application frame.
SAPiView	An SAP Enterprise Portal application iView frame.
SAPList	A drop-down or single/multiple selection list in an SAP Gui for HTML application.
SAPMenu	An SAP Gui for HTML application top-level menu.
SAPNavigationBar	A navigation bar in a Web-based SAP application.
SAPOKCode	An OK Code box in an SAP Gui for HTML application.
SAPPortal	An SAP Enterprise Portal desktop.
SAPRadioGroup	An SAP Gui for HTML application radio button group.
SAPStatusBar	An SAP Gui for HTML application status bar.
SAPTable	An SAP Gui for HTML application table or grid.
SAPTabStrip	An SAP Gui for HTML application tab strip object (an object that enables switching between multiple tabs).
SAPTreeView	An SAP Gui for HTML application tree object.

XI) SAP GUI for Windows Environment

Object	Description
SAPGuiAPOGrid	An APO grid control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiButton	A button in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiCalendar	A calendar object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiCheckBox	A check box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiComboBox	A combo box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiEdit	An edit box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiElement	Any object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiGrid	A grid control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiLabel	A static text label in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiMenubar	A menu bar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiOKCode	An OK Code box in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiRadioButton	A radio button in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiSession	Represents the SAP GUI for Windows session on which an operation is performed.
SAPGuiStatusBar	A status bar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiTable	A table control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiTabStrip	A tab strip in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiTextArea	A text area in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiToolbar	A toolbar in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiTree	A column tree, list tree, or simple tree control in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiUtil	A utility object in an SAP GUI for Windows application.
SAPGuiWindow	A window or dialog box containing objects in an SAP GUI for Windows application.

XII) Siebel Environment

Object	Description
SblAdvancedEdit	An edit box whose value can be set by a dynamic object that opens after clicking on a button inside the edit box
SblButton	A Siebel button.
SblCheckBox	A check box with an ON and OFF state.
SblEdit	An edit box.
SblPickList	A drop-down pick list.
SblTable	A Siebel table containing a variable number of rows and columns.
SblTabStrip	A number of tabs and four arrows that move its visible range to the left and to the right.
SblTreeView	A tree view of specific screen data.
SiebApplet	An applet in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebApplication	An application in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebButton	A button control in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebCalculator	A calculator control in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebCalendar	A calendar control in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebCheckbox	A checkbox in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebCommunicationsToolbar	The communications toolbar in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebCurrency	A currency calculator in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebList	A list object in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebMenu	A menu or menu item in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebPageTabs	A page tab in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebPDQ	A predefined query in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebPicklist	A pick list in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebRichText	A rich text control in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebScreen	A screen object in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebScreenViews	A screen view in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebTaskAssistant	The Task Assistant in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebTaskUIPane	The task UI pane in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebText	A text box in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebTextArea	A text area in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebThreadbar	A threadbar in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebToolbar	A toolbar in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebTree	A tree view object in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebView	A view object in a Siebel test automation environment.
SiebViewApplets	A view applet in a Siebel test automation environment.

 

 

XIII) Standard Windows Environment

Object	Description
Desktop	An object that enables you to access top-level items on your desktop.
Dialog	A Windows dialog box.
Static	A static text object.
SystemUtil	An object used to control applications and processes during a run session.
WinButton	A Windows button.
WinCalendar	A Windows calendar.
WinCheckBox	A Windows check box.
WinComboBox	A Windows combo box.
Window	A standard window.
WinEdit	A Windows edit box.
WinEditor	A Windows multi-line editor.
WinList	A Windows list.
WinListView	A Windows list-view control.
WinMenu	A Windows menu.
WinObject	A standard (Windows) object.
WinRadioButton	A Windows radio button.
WinScrollBar	A Windows scroll bar.
WinSpin	A Windows spin box.
WinStatusBar	A Windows status bar.
WinTab	A Windows tab strip in a dialog box.
WinToolbar	A Windows toolbar.
WinTreeView	A Windows tree-view control.

XIV) Stingray Environment

Object	Description
WinTab	A Windows tab strip in a dialog box.
WinTable	A Stingray grid.
WinToolbar	A Windows toolbar.
WinTreeView	A Stingray tree control.

XV) Terminal Emulators Environment

Object	Description
TeField	A terminal emulator field that fully supports HLLAPI.
TeScreen	A terminal emulator screen that fully supports HLLAPI.
TeTextScreen	A terminal emulator screen that uses text-only HLLAPI or does not support HLLAPI.
TeWindow	A terminal emulator window.

XVI) Visual Basic Environment

Object	Description
VbButton	A Visual Basic button.
VbCheckBox	A Visual Basic check box.
VbComboBox	A Visual Basic combo box.
VbEdit	A Visual Basic edit box.
VbEditor	A Visual Basic multi-line editor.
VbFrame	A Visual Basic frame.
VbLabel	A static text object.
VbList	A Visual Basic list.
VbListView	A Visual Basic list-view control.
VbRadioButton	A Visual Basic radio button.
VbScrollBar	A Visual Basic scroll bar.
VbToolbar	A Visual Basic toolbar.
VbTreeView	A Visual Basic tree-view control.
VbWindow	A Visual Basic window.

XVII) VisualAge Smalltalk Environment

Object	Description
WinButton	A button in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinEdit	An edit box in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinList	A list in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinObject	An object in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinTab	A tab strip in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinTable	A table in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.
WinTreeView	A tree-view control in the VisualAge Smalltalk application.

XVIII) Web Environment

Object	Description
Browser	A Web browser (or browser tab).
Frame	An HTML frame.
Image	An image with or without a target URL link.
Link	A hypertext link.
Page	An HTML page.
ViewLink	A Viewlink object.
WebArea	A section of an image (usually a section of a client-side image map).
WebButton	An HTML button.
WebCheckBox	A check box with an ON and OFF state.
WebEdit	An edit box, usually contained inside a form.
WebElement	A general Web object that can represent any Web object.
WebFile	An edit box with a browse button attached, used to select a file from the File dialog box.
WebList	A drop-down box or multiple selection list.
WebRadioGroup	A set of radio buttons belonging to the same group.
WebTable	A table containing a variable number of rows and columns.
WebXML	An XML document contained in a Web page.

XIX) Web Services Environment

Object	Description
Attachments	An object that supports attachment-related test object operations.
Configuration	An object that supports configuration-related test object operations.
headers	An object that supports header-related test object operations.
Security	An object that supports security-related test object operations.
WebService	A test object representing a Web service.
WSUtil	A utility object used to check WSDL files.

 

B) Utility Objects

• Crypt Object
• DataTable Object
• Description Object
• DotNetFactory Object
• DTParameter Object
• DTSheet Object
• Environment Object
• Extern Object
• LocalParameter Object
• MercuryTimers Object (Collection)
• MercuryTimer Object
• Parameter Object
• PathFinder Object
• Properties Object (Collection)
• QCUtil Object
• RandomNumber Object
• Recovery Object
• Reporter Object
• RepositoriesCollection Object
• Repository Object
• Services Object
• Setting Object
• SystemMonitor Object
• TextUtil Object
• TSLTest Object
• XMLUtil Object

       

The following utility statements help you control your test.

• DescribeResult Statement
• ExecuteFile Statement
• ExitAction Statement
• ExitActionIteration Statement
• ExitComponent Statement
• ExitComponentIteration Statement
• ExitTest Statement
• ExitTestIteration Statement
• GetLastError Statement
• InvokeApplication Statement
• LoadAndRunAction Statement
• ManualStep Statement
• Print Statement
• RegisterUserFunc Statement
• RunAction Statement
• SetLastError Statement
• UnregisterUserFunc Statement
• Wait Statement

C) Supplemental Objects

• DbTable Object
• VirtualButton Object
• VirtualCheckBox Object
• VirtualList Object
• VirtualObject Object
• VirtualRadioButton Object
• VirtualTable Object
• XMLAttribute Object
• XMLAttributesColl Object
• XMLData Object
• XMLElement Object
• XMLElementsColl Object
• XMLFile Object
• XMLItemColl Object